Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Forester CD[original query] |
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Effects of temperature and advanced cleaning practices on the removal of select organic chemicals from structural firefighter gear
Forester CD , Tarley J . Fire Technol 2023 There are approximately 1.2 million firefighters in the United States. In addition to fighting fires, they also participate in various tasks including emergency rescues, providing emergency medical care, driving, operating and maintaining fire vehicles and other apparatuses and continued training. During the course of their duties, firefighters are often exposed to carcinogenic chemicals that may accumulate on their turnout clothing. To determine if these chemicals can be removed and to measure the efficacy of current cleaning protocols, a study was developed to assess these protocols which call for a maximum water temperature of 105°F and no solvents. The results showed that volatile and small semi-volatile chemicals such as dimethyl phthalate and chlorinated phenols had cleaning efficiencies of 85% or greater. However, for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the cleaning efficiency was only 20% to 50%. To determine if it is possible to remove the more persistent PAHs, temperatures were increased to 125°F and 140°F, and a respective increase in cleaning efficiencies of the PAHs was seen. The protocols were then adapted to add a pre-soak cycle which, when combined with the increased temperatures, resulted in an increase of the PAH cleaning efficiency range from 50 to 80%, compound dependent. This work provides a starting point for discussions between the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and other standards organization and manufacturers to determine if increased temperatures and chemical soaks would be detrimental to gear as they are currently not advised. © 2023, This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply. |
Hydroxyl radical yields from reactions of terpene mixtures with ozone
Forester CD , Wells JR . Indoor Air 2011 21 (5) 400-9 Chamber studies were conducted to quantify hydroxyl radical (OH.) yields and to determine if water vapor affected OH. formation in reactions of ozone (O(3) ) with a single terpene, two-component terpene mixtures and a commercial pine oil cleaning product. Solid-phase micro-extraction fibers (SPME) were used for sampling the terpenes and the 2-butanone formation from the hydroxyl reaction with 2-butanol as a measure of OH. yields. Analyses were performed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The individual terpenes' OH. yields of alpha-terpineol, limonene and alpha-pinene were 64 +/- 8%, 64 +/- 6%, and 76 +/- 6%, respectively. OH. yields were also measured from two-component mixtures of these terpenes. In each mixture that contained alpha-terpineol, the overall OH. yield was lower than the modeled OH. yields of the individual components that comprised the reaction mixture. Reactions of a commercial pine oil cleaning product (POC) with O(3) were also studied to determine how the individual terpenes react in a complex mixture system and an OH. formation yield of 51 +/- 6% was measured. Relative humidity did not have a significant effect on the OH. formation in the mixtures studied here. |
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